What causes hemorrhoids?

There are several theories about the cause, including inadequate intake of fiber , prolonged sitting on the toilet, and chronic straining to possess a bowel movement. None of these theories has strong experimental support. Pregnancy may be a clear reason for enlarged hemorrhoids though, again, the rationale isn't clear. Tumors in the pelvis conjointly cause enlargement of hemorrhoids by pressing on veins draining upwards from the anal canal.

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One theory proposes that it is the shearing (pulling) force of stool, notably arduous stool, passing through the anal canal that drags the hemorrhoidal cushions downward. Another theory suggests that with age or an aggravating condition, the supporting tissue that is responsible for anchoring the hemorrhoids to the underlying muscle of the anal canal deteriorates. With time, the hemorrhoidal tissue loses its mooring and slides down into the anal canal.

A physiological fact that is established about enlarged hemorrhoids that will be important to understanding why they form is that the pressure is elevated in the anal sphincter, the muscle that surrounds the anal canal and the hemorrhoids. The anal sphincter is that the muscle that enables us to control our bowel movements. It is not known, however, if this elevated pressure precedes the development of enlarged hemorrhoids or is the result of the hemorrhoids. Perhaps during bowel movements, increased force is required to force stool through the tighter sphincter. The increased shearing force applied to the hemorrhoids by the passing stool might drag the hemorrhoids downward and enlarge them.

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